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What spatial geometry does the (2+1)-dimensional QFT vacuum prefer?

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abstract

We consider relativistic (2+1)-QFTs on a product of time with a two-space and study the vacuum free energy as a functional of the temperature and spatial geometry. We focus on free scalar and Dirac fields on arbitrary perturbations of flat space, finding that the free energy difference from flat space is finite and always \textit{negative} to leading order in the perturbation. Thus free (2+1)-QFTs appear to always energetically favor a crumpled space on all scales; at zero temperature this is a purely quantum effect. Importantly, we show that this quantum effect is non-negligible for the relativistic Dirac degrees of freedom on monolayer graphene even at room temperature, so we argue that this vacuum energy effect should be included for a proper analysis of the equilibrium configuration of graphene or similar materials.

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hep-th 1

years

2026 1

verdicts

UNVERDICTED 1

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CFTs on Squashed Spheres and the Thermal Effective Action

hep-th · 2026-06-29 · unverdicted · novelty 7.0

Derives universal quadratic response of 3D CFT free energy to S^3 squashing proportional to c_T and constructs thermal effective action for high-T Seifert manifolds with explicit Wilson coefficients.

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  • CFTs on Squashed Spheres and the Thermal Effective Action hep-th · 2026-06-29 · unverdicted · none · ref 34 · internal anchor

    Derives universal quadratic response of 3D CFT free energy to S^3 squashing proportional to c_T and constructs thermal effective action for high-T Seifert manifolds with explicit Wilson coefficients.