PPO plateaus can be avoided by increasing the number of parallel environments, which reduces both the outer-loop step size and update noise; scaling to 1M environments sustained improvement to 1T transitions.
XLand-100B: A Large-Scale Multi-Task Dataset for In-Context Reinforcement Learning
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abstract
Following the success of the in-context learning paradigm in large-scale language and computer vision models, the recently emerging field of in-context reinforcement learning is experiencing a rapid growth. However, its development has been held back by the lack of challenging benchmarks, as all the experiments have been carried out in simple environments and on small-scale datasets. We present XLand-100B, a large-scale dataset for in-context reinforcement learning based on the XLand-MiniGrid environment, as a first step to alleviate this problem. It contains complete learning histories for nearly $30,000$ different tasks, covering $100$B transitions and 2.5B episodes. It took 50,000 GPU hours to collect the dataset, which is beyond the reach of most academic labs. Along with the dataset, we provide the utilities to reproduce or expand it even further. We also benchmark common in-context RL baselines and show that they struggle to generalize to novel and diverse tasks. With this substantial effort, we aim to democratize research in the rapidly growing field of in-context reinforcement learning and provide a solid foundation for further scaling.
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cs.LG 1years
2026 1verdicts
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Preventing Learning Stagnation in PPO by Scaling to 1 Million Parallel Environments
PPO plateaus can be avoided by increasing the number of parallel environments, which reduces both the outer-loop step size and update noise; scaling to 1M environments sustained improvement to 1T transitions.