Transient spiral arms, including Sellwood and Binney's horseshoe mechanism, generally heat the Galactic disk more than observed unless the spirals are strongly concentrated near corotation or have much larger pitch angles than today's.
We simulate for 40 T8 and choose each spiral to peak in amplitude half way through the simulation, tpeak = 20 T8
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Why is the Galactic disk so cool?
Transient spiral arms, including Sellwood and Binney's horseshoe mechanism, generally heat the Galactic disk more than observed unless the spirals are strongly concentrated near corotation or have much larger pitch angles than today's.