Sub-critical magnetospheric accretion flows in X-ray pulsars cool to tens of eV near the surface and become partially ionized, contrary to the standard fully-ionized assumption.
Ionization equilibrium of hot hydrogen plasma
1 Pith paper cite this work, alongside 45 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
The hydrogen plasma is studied at temperatures T ~ 10^4 - 10^6 K using the free energy minimization method. A simple analytic free energy model is proposed which is accurate at densities up to 1 g/cc and yields convergent internal partition function of atoms. The occupation probability formalism is modified for solving the ionization equilibrium problem. The ionization degree and equation of state are calculated and compared with the results of other models.
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Magnetospheric flows in X-ray pulsars II: Heating, cooling and ionization degree at sub-critical accretion
Sub-critical magnetospheric accretion flows in X-ray pulsars cool to tens of eV near the surface and become partially ionized, contrary to the standard fully-ionized assumption.