In the thin-wall regime, Q-ball-anti-Q-ball collisions are chaotic, driven by internal bound modes and ephemeral states, with false-vacuum bubbles stabilized by Goldstone modes as key intermediates.
Families of Q-balls in a deformed $O(4)$ linear sigma model
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In this paper the existence of analytical solutions describing $Q$-balls in a family of deformed $O(4)$ sigma models in (1+1) dimensions has been investigated. These models involve two complex scalar fields whose coupling breaks the $O(4)$ symmetry group to $U(1)\times U(1)$. It has been shown that there are two types of single $Q$-balls rotating around each of the components of the internal space and a one-parameter family of composite $Q$-balls. These composite solutions consist of two single $Q$-balls (separated by a distance determined by the family parameter) spinning around each complex field with the same internal rotation frequency.
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Oscillons and bubbles in $Q$-ball dynamics
In the thin-wall regime, Q-ball-anti-Q-ball collisions are chaotic, driven by internal bound modes and ephemeral states, with false-vacuum bubbles stabilized by Goldstone modes as key intermediates.