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Closedcoshbounce.The same scale factor in ak= +1 FRW spacetime corresponds to global de Sitter

The spacetime is geodesically complete, but the null energy condition is violated everywhere:ρ+p= −2h2sech2(ht)<0, the ANEC integral is IANEC =−2h 2 Z ∞ −∞ sech2(ht) a(t) dt=−π

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Open case for a closed universe

hep-th · 2025-10-15 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

A no-go theorem proves flat and open FRW universes cannot be nonsingular, geodesically complete and ANEC-consistent while closed universes can, with positive curvature mimicking phantom dark energy at the 1% level.

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  • Open case for a closed universe hep-th · 2025-10-15 · unverdicted · none · ref 1

    A no-go theorem proves flat and open FRW universes cannot be nonsingular, geodesically complete and ANEC-consistent while closed universes can, with positive curvature mimicking phantom dark energy at the 1% level.