Planetary formation tracks on the HR diagram show three branches: ascending during solid accretion with L proportional to T to the 8th for in-situ planetesimals, near-horizontal during gas accretion, and descending during post-accretion cooling.
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Reviews direct imaging of protoplanets and proposes deriving observational estimates of planet mass-to-radius ratio to test formation models, highlighting ELT capabilities.
The paper reviews techniques for measuring protostellar accretion, analyzes methodological differences and caveats in comparing observations with simulations, and outlines next steps for a fuller picture.
citing papers explorer
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Planetary formation tracks on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram: Visualising the processes of giant planet growth
Planetary formation tracks on the HR diagram show three branches: ascending during solid accretion with L proportional to T to the 8th for in-situ planetesimals, near-horizontal during gas accretion, and descending during post-accretion cooling.
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High-Contrast Imaging of Forming Protoplanets: VLTs, JWST, and the Promise of ELT
Reviews direct imaging of protoplanets and proposes deriving observational estimates of planet mass-to-radius ratio to test formation models, highlighting ELT capabilities.
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The Accretion Process on Protostars
The paper reviews techniques for measuring protostellar accretion, analyzes methodological differences and caveats in comparing observations with simulations, and outlines next steps for a fuller picture.