Eckart heat flux holds for all timelike scalar configurations in F(Φ,X)R + G theories if and only if F_X ≡ 0, reducing the theory to a Jordan-like subclass of Horndeski.
Collisional equilibrium, particle production and the inflationary universe
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abstract
Particle production processes in the expanding universe are described within a simple kinetic model. The equilibrium conditions for a Maxwell-Boltzmann gas with variable particle number are investigated. We find that radiation and nonrelativistic matter may be in equilibrium at the same temperature provided the matter particles are created at a rate that is half the expansion rate. Using the fact that the creation of particles is dynamically equivalent to a nonvanishing bulk pressure we calculate the backreaction of this process on the cosmological dynamics. It turns out that the `adiabatic' creation of massive particles with an equilibrium distribution for the latter necessarily implies power-law inflation. Exponential inflation in this context is shown to become inconsistent with the second law of thermodynamics after a time interval of the order of the Hubble time.
fields
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Stealth scalar fields in dissipative FLRW cosmology obey a generalized Riccati equation with dissipative pressure as driving term, admitting a stable entropy-selected attractor and an unstable repeller that track non-equilibrium evolution to de Sitter.
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Eckart heat-flux applicability in $F(\Phi,X)R$ theories and the existence of temperature gradients
Eckart heat flux holds for all timelike scalar configurations in F(Φ,X)R + G theories if and only if F_X ≡ 0, reducing the theory to a Jordan-like subclass of Horndeski.
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Cosmological Stealth fields and Non-Equilibrium thermodynamics
Stealth scalar fields in dissipative FLRW cosmology obey a generalized Riccati equation with dissipative pressure as driving term, admitting a stable entropy-selected attractor and an unstable repeller that track non-equilibrium evolution to de Sitter.