The Dirac equation, written in polar form, is shown to be exactly equivalent to a Madelung system: a continuity equation, a vorticity equation, and a Hamilton-Jacobi/guidance equation with first-order quantum potentials.
A Suggested Interpretation of the Quantum Theory in Terms of ’Hidden’ Variables
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Madelung Structure of the Dirac Equation
The Dirac equation, written in polar form, is shown to be exactly equivalent to a Madelung system: a continuity equation, a vorticity equation, and a Hamilton-Jacobi/guidance equation with first-order quantum potentials.