An SU(5) GUT model uses an intermediate breaking to SO(3)_C × SO(2)_L realized by adjoint, symmetric tensor, and singlet scalars plus singlet fermions so that monopoles annihilate via cosmic strings, with possible first-order restoration producing detectable GWs.
Implications of LEP Results for SO(10) Grandunification with Two Intermediate Stages
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abstract
We consider the breaking of the grand unification group $SO(10)$ to the standard model gauge group through several chains containing two intermediate stages. Using the values of the gauge coupling constants at scale $M_Z$ derived from recent LEP data, we determine the range of their intermediate and unification scales. In particular, we identify those chains that permit new gauge structure at relatively low energy $(\sim 1\, {\rm TeV})$.
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A 6D SO(16) GUT model unifies SM gauge groups with SU(3) family symmetry by placing three chiral generations into one spinor representation, canceling anomalies via vectorlike 6D fermions and fixed-point localized states while noting asymptotic freedom of the SO(16) coupling.
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A simple solution to the monopole problem: SU(5) GUT with symmetry breaking into special subgroup
An SU(5) GUT model uses an intermediate breaking to SO(3)_C × SO(2)_L realized by adjoint, symmetric tensor, and singlet scalars plus singlet fermions so that monopoles annihilate via cosmic strings, with possible first-order restoration producing detectable GWs.
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Family Unification in $SO(16)$ Grand Unification
A 6D SO(16) GUT model unifies SM gauge groups with SU(3) family symmetry by placing three chiral generations into one spinor representation, canceling anomalies via vectorlike 6D fermions and fixed-point localized states while noting asymptotic freedom of the SO(16) coupling.