Applying differentiable k-means to token-based ASR lets the tokenizer, the speech encoder, and the recognizer be optimized together, improving WER and making tokens more phoneme-like.
Since SSL fea- ture spaces are changed by finetuning, they are divided by the averaged L2 norm for normalization
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Differentiable K-means for Fully-optimized Discrete Token-based ASR
Applying differentiable k-means to token-based ASR lets the tokenizer, the speech encoder, and the recognizer be optimized together, improving WER and making tokens more phoneme-like.