Programmatic tool calling, where models write Python stubs instead of JSON tool calls, matches or beats JSON tool calling on BFCL v4 in 11 of 14 models, but the gains depend on benchmark design and model generation.
InProceedings of the KDD 2026 Workshop on Software Engineering 3.0
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The Bitter Lesson of Tool Calling
Programmatic tool calling, where models write Python stubs instead of JSON tool calls, matches or beats JSON tool calling on BFCL v4 in 11 of 14 models, but the gains depend on benchmark design and model generation.