For minisuperspace dimension D>2 with a fluid clock, adding a specific curvature term makes physical predictions independent of a large class of operator orderings; in D=1 the ambiguity remains.
Factor ordering in standard quantum cosmology
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abstract
The Wheeler-DeWitt equation of Friedmann models with a massless quantum field is formulated with arbitrary factor ordering of the Hamiltonian constraint operator. A scalar product of wave functions is constructed, giving rise to a probability interpretation and making comparison with the classical solution possible. In general the bahaviour of the wave function of the model depends on a critical energy of the matter field, which, in turn, depends on the chosen factor ordering. By certain choices of the ordering the critical energy can be pushed down to zero.
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Exact path integrals on half-line in quantum cosmology with a fluid clock and aspects of operator ordering ambiguity
For minisuperspace dimension D>2 with a fluid clock, adding a specific curvature term makes physical predictions independent of a large class of operator orderings; in D=1 the ambiguity remains.