A rainbow-deformed McVittie spacetime with one energy history reduces exactly to standard McVittie dynamics, and a linear late-time rainbow closure fitted to 32 cosmic chronometers and 1580 Pantheon+ supernovae is consistent with the general-relativistic limit.
A homogeneous universe of constant mass and increasing radius,
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Rainbow McVittie Horizons in an Expanding Universe
A rainbow-deformed McVittie spacetime with one energy history reduces exactly to standard McVittie dynamics, and a linear late-time rainbow closure fitted to 32 cosmic chronometers and 1580 Pantheon+ supernovae is consistent with the general-relativistic limit.