For exponentially amplified scalar modes during inflation, the third-order gravitational wave spectrum grows faster than the one-loop spectrum and dominates before the signal becomes detectable, breaking perturbation theory.
Traces of a Heavy Field in Gravitational Waves
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We discuss gravitational waves (GWs) induced by a heavy spectator field that starts to oscillate during inflation. During the oscillation of the spectator field, its effective mass can also oscillate in some potentials. This mass oscillation can resonantly amplify the spectator field fluctuations. We show that these amplified fluctuations can induce large GWs, which could be investigated by future gravitational wave observations. This kind of induced GW can be produced even if the spectator field does not have any interaction with other fields except for gravitational interaction.
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Spectrum of third-order tensor perturbations induced by excited scalar fields
For exponentially amplified scalar modes during inflation, the third-order gravitational wave spectrum grows faster than the one-loop spectrum and dominates before the signal becomes detectable, breaking perturbation theory.