A largely model-independent framework links dark matter annihilation, mediator decays, and semi-annihilation to both thermal freeze-out and present-day gamma-ray, neutrino, and antimatter fluxes, with benchmarks showing how their relative strengths shape observable spectra.
D’Eramo, N
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abstract
If the dark matter is produced in the early universe prior to Big Bang nucleosynthesis, a modified cosmological history can drastically affect the abundance of relic dark matter particles. Here, we assume that an additional species to radiation dominates at early times, causing the expansion rate at a given temperature to be larger than in the standard radiation-dominated case. We demonstrate that, if this is the case, dark matter production via freeze-in (a scenario when dark matter interacts very weakly, and is dumped in the early universe out of equilibrium by decay or scattering processes involving particles in the thermal bath) is dramatically suppressed. We illustrate and quantitatively and analytically study this phenomenon for three different paradigmatic classes of freeze-in scenarios. For the frozen-in dark matter abundance to be as large as observations, couplings between the dark matter and visible-sector particles must be enhanced by several orders of magnitude. This sheds some optimistic prospects for the otherwise dire experimental and observational outlook of detecting dark matter produced by freeze-in.
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Triplet leptogenesis succeeds at TeV-scale masses in fast-expanding or scalar-tensor early universes, unlike the standard radiation-dominated case requiring 10^10 GeV.
Variations in pre-nucleosynthesis cosmology produce distinct seasons in the phase-space distribution of freeze-in dark matter, directly affecting its warmness and mass bounds.
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A largely model-independent framework links dark matter annihilation, mediator decays, and semi-annihilation to both thermal freeze-out and present-day gamma-ray, neutrino, and antimatter fluxes, with benchmarks showing how their relative strengths shape observable spectra.
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Triplet leptogenesis succeeds at TeV-scale masses in fast-expanding or scalar-tensor early universes, unlike the standard radiation-dominated case requiring 10^10 GeV.
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