Every smooth two-component split sphere link in S^4 admits infinitely many topologically non-isotopic splitting 3-spheres.
On the mapping class groups of 4-manifolds with 1-handles
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abstract
We develop a framework that generalizes Budney-Gabai's $W_3$ invariant on $\pi_0\textrm{Diff}(S^1\times D^3,\partial)$ to 4-manifolds with 1-handles. As applications, we show that if $M=(S^1\times D^3)\natural \hat M$ where $\hat M$ either has the form $I\times Y$ or is a punctured aspherical manifold, then the center of the mapping class group of $M$ is of infinite rank.
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2026 1verdicts
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Splitting spheres for $S^2$-links in $S^4$
Every smooth two-component split sphere link in S^4 admits infinitely many topologically non-isotopic splitting 3-spheres.