In 4D Maxwell theory, standard Neumann/Dirichlet boundary conditions render large gauge transformations and edge mode shifts as gauge redundancies, while modified conditions make them physical symmetries generated by topological surface operators, with new electromagnetic dual boundary conditions co
Finite-time memory detectors and fully constraining Faddeev-Kulish dressings in QED and gravity
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abstract
We show that for both QED and perturbative quantum gravity, finite-time Faddeev-Kulish dressings can be fully constrained by symmetry, and that this gives the unique choice which reproduces the classical memory effect. For gravity, we show that using this dressing to construct finite-time Fock spaces, as well as a carefully defined finite-time memory detector allows us to recover both the first order gravitational memory, as well as higher order Christodoulou contributions from the gravitational field. We explain how these higher order perturbative corrections arise in inclusive in-in calculations.
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hep-th 1years
2026 1verdicts
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Revisiting boundary electromagnetic duality and edge modes
In 4D Maxwell theory, standard Neumann/Dirichlet boundary conditions render large gauge transformations and edge mode shifts as gauge redundancies, while modified conditions make them physical symmetries generated by topological surface operators, with new electromagnetic dual boundary conditions co