An empirical kernel for Bethe-Heitler pair spectra is introduced and applied to argue that synchrotron emission from these pairs can explain gamma-ray emission in low- and intermediate-peaked blazars for jet regions of size ~10^15 cm and B = 5-500 G.
Propagation of Ultra High Energy Protons over Cosmological Distances and Implications for Topological Defect Models
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abstract
We describe the results of a hybrid matrix--Monte Carlo calculation of cascading of UHE cosmic rays and $\gamma$-rays through the cosmic background radiation fields over cosmological distances. We calculate the $\gamma$-ray and neutrino emission that results from the cascade, as well as the effect of cascading on the primary spectrum. We discuss the results for various cosmic ray injection spectra and primary species. Certain models for the production of the highest energy cosmic rays are ruled out.
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A closer look at the electromagnetic signatures of Bethe-Heitler pair production process in blazars
An empirical kernel for Bethe-Heitler pair spectra is introduced and applied to argue that synchrotron emission from these pairs can explain gamma-ray emission in low- and intermediate-peaked blazars for jet regions of size ~10^15 cm and B = 5-500 G.