L-layer transformers under Log-ICoT curriculum provably learn k-parity with poly(n) samples and log k stages, matching explicit CoT efficiency without inference overhead.
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Reasoning by superposition: A theoretical perspective on chain of continuous thought.CoRR, abs/2505.12514
14 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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LBR performs token-level test-time scaling via local branch routing on hidden states, enabling end-to-end RL training and improving Pass@1 and Pass@32 on math benchmarks over CoT and RLVR baselines.
Relaxing join orders to a differentiable soft adjacency matrix and optimizing with gradients plus a GNN cost model yields plans that match or beat discrete search while scaling better on graph datasets.
CCDD defines a joint multimodal diffusion on continuous representation space and discrete token space to combine expressivity with explicit token supervision for diffusion language models.
FPRM is a Transformer-based model using fixed-point convergence for adaptive halting in looped architectures, claimed effective on Sudoku, Maze, state-tracking, and ARC-AGI benchmarks.
Dropout-GRPO uses structured dropout to generate trajectory variance for GRPO in latent-reasoning models like Coconut, raising GSM8K pass@1 from 27.29% to 29.01%.
GRAM is a latent-variable generative model that performs recursive reasoning via stochastic trajectories, trained with amortized variational inference to support multi-hypothesis reasoning and unconditional generation.
A large model generates a compact reasoning signal that a small model uses to solve tasks, reducing the large model's output tokens by up to 60% on benchmarks like AIME and GPQA.
LLM agent committees exhibit representational collapse with mean cosine similarity of 0.888, and diversity-aware consensus reaches 87% accuracy on GSM8K versus 84% for self-consistency at lower cost.
PTRM adds stochastic Gaussian noise to Tiny Recursive Model recursion for parallel trajectory exploration and Q-head selection, raising Sudoku-Extreme accuracy from 87.4% to 98.75% and Pencil Puzzle Bench from 62.6% to 91.2% without retraining.
Injecting noise into LLM latent trajectories creates diverse reasoning paths whose agreement acts as a confidence signal for selective abstention, cutting error rates from 40-70% to under 15% on math tasks.
LEPO applies RL to continuous latent representations in LLMs by injecting Gumbel-Softmax stochasticity for diverse trajectory sampling and unified gradient estimation, outperforming existing discrete and latent RL methods.
DRAFT decouples agent safety judgment into latent extraction and reasoning stages, raising average benchmark accuracy from 63.27% to 91.18%.
A 1.4B and a 2.6B looped (weight-tied, recurrent-depth) language model trained on 7.7T tokens match or exceed several 4B–8B transformer baselines on selected reasoning benchmarks.
citing papers explorer
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Transformers Provably Learn to Internalize Chain-of-Thought
L-layer transformers under Log-ICoT curriculum provably learn k-parity with poly(n) samples and log k stages, matching explicit CoT efficiency without inference overhead.
-
Efficient and Trainable Language Model Test-Time Scaling via Local Branch Routing
LBR performs token-level test-time scaling via local branch routing on hidden states, enabling end-to-end RL training and improving Pass@1 and Pass@32 on math benchmarks over CoT and RLVR baselines.
-
Gradient-Based Join Ordering
Relaxing join orders to a differentiable soft adjacency matrix and optimizing with gradients plus a GNN cost model yields plans that match or beat discrete search while scaling better on graph datasets.
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Coevolutionary Continuous Discrete Diffusion: Make Your Diffusion Language Model a Latent Reasoner
CCDD defines a joint multimodal diffusion on continuous representation space and discrete token space to combine expressivity with explicit token supervision for diffusion language models.
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Fixed-Point Reasoners: Stable and Adaptive Deep Looped Transformers
FPRM is a Transformer-based model using fixed-point convergence for adaptive halting in looped architectures, claimed effective on Sudoku, Maze, state-tracking, and ARC-AGI benchmarks.
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Dropout-GRPO: Variational Stochasticity for Continuous Latent Reasoning
Dropout-GRPO uses structured dropout to generate trajectory variance for GRPO in latent-reasoning models like Coconut, raising GSM8K pass@1 from 27.29% to 29.01%.
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Generative Recursive Reasoning
GRAM is a latent-variable generative model that performs recursive reasoning via stochastic trajectories, trained with amortized variational inference to support multi-hypothesis reasoning and unconditional generation.
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When Less is Enough: Efficient Inference via Collaborative Reasoning
A large model generates a compact reasoning signal that a small model uses to solve tasks, reducing the large model's output tokens by up to 60% on benchmarks like AIME and GPQA.
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Representational Collapse in Multi-Agent LLM Committees: Measurement and Diversity-Aware Consensus
LLM agent committees exhibit representational collapse with mean cosine similarity of 0.888, and diversity-aware consensus reaches 87% accuracy on GSM8K versus 84% for self-consistency at lower cost.
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Probabilistic Tiny Recursive Model
PTRM adds stochastic Gaussian noise to Tiny Recursive Model recursion for parallel trajectory exploration and Q-head selection, raising Sudoku-Extreme accuracy from 87.4% to 98.75% and Pencil Puzzle Bench from 62.6% to 91.2% without retraining.
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NoisyCoconut: Counterfactual Consensus via Latent Space Reasoning
Injecting noise into LLM latent trajectories creates diverse reasoning paths whose agreement acts as a confidence signal for selective abstention, cutting error rates from 40-70% to under 15% on math tasks.
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LEPO: Latent Reasoning Policy Optimization for Large Language Models
LEPO applies RL to continuous latent representations in LLMs by injecting Gumbel-Softmax stochasticity for diverse trajectory sampling and unified gradient estimation, outperforming existing discrete and latent RL methods.
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DRAFT: Task Decoupled Latent Reasoning for Agent Safety
DRAFT decouples agent safety judgment into latent extraction and reasoning stages, raising average benchmark accuracy from 63.27% to 91.18%.
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Scaling Latent Reasoning via Looped Language Models
A 1.4B and a 2.6B looped (weight-tied, recurrent-depth) language model trained on 7.7T tokens match or exceed several 4B–8B transformer baselines on selected reasoning benchmarks.