Conventional BBN fitting for negative Delta N_eff is unphysical; a consistent treatment via entropy dilution after neutrino decoupling yields significantly different bounds.
One may simply include minimal cor- rections in the neutrino-induced n ↔ p conversion rates for ∆ Neff < 0, but it does not give a mean- ingful result in the end, as shown in Fig
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Consistent $N_{\rm eff}$ fitting in big bang nucleosynthesis analysis
Conventional BBN fitting for negative Delta N_eff is unphysical; a consistent treatment via entropy dilution after neutrino decoupling yields significantly different bounds.