For a Landau-Zener qubit sweep, defining equilibrium in the optimal superadiabatic frame makes the coarse-grained entropy of nonadiabatic driving increase almost monotonically, while arbitrary initial states can violate the second law but only with precise control.
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Qubit thermodynamics: Entropy production from nonadiabatic driving
For a Landau-Zener qubit sweep, defining equilibrium in the optimal superadiabatic frame makes the coarse-grained entropy of nonadiabatic driving increase almost monotonically, while arbitrary initial states can violate the second law but only with precise control.