A review of fermion mass and mixing data and of the main theoretical attempts to explain them, from GUTs to string theory, without claiming a new result.
T-duality orbifolds of heterotic Narain compactifications
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abstract
To obtain a unified framework for symmetric and asymmetric heterotic orbifold constructions we provide a systematic study of Narain compactifications orbifolded by finite order T-duality subgroups. We review the generalized vielbein that parametrizes the Narain moduli space (i.e. the metric, the B-field and the Wilson lines) and introduce a convenient basis of generators of the heterotic T-duality group. Using this we generalize the space group description of orbifolds to Narain orbifolds. This yields a unified, crystallographic description of the orbifold twists, shifts as well as Narain moduli. In particular, we derive a character formula that counts the number of unfixed Narain moduli after orbifolding. Moreover, we develop new machinery that may ultimately open up the possibility for a full classification of Narain orbifolds. This is done by generalizing the geometrical concepts of Q-, Z- and affine classes from the theory of crystallography to the Narain case. Finally, we give a variety of examples illustrating various aspects of Narain orbifolds, including novel T-folds.
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Quark and lepton masses
A review of fermion mass and mixing data and of the main theoretical attempts to explain them, from GUTs to string theory, without claiming a new result.