Charged-scalar vacuum polarization makes photon paths timelike and yields frequency-dependent Sachs-Wolfe corrections, giving a CMB mu-distortion and power-spectrum modifications whose size depends on the scalar mass and coupling.
The Motion of Small Bodies in Space-time
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abstract
We consider the motion of small bodies in general relativity. The key result captures a sense in which such bodies follow timelike geodesics (or, in the case of charged bodies, Lorentz-force curves). This result clarifies the relationship between approaches that model such bodies as distributions supported on a curve, and those that employ smooth fields supported in small neighborhoods of a curve. This result also applies to "bodies" constructed from wave packets of Maxwell or Klein-Gordon fields. There follows a simple and precise formulation of the optical limit for Maxwell fields.
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Vacuum Polarization, Geodesic Equation and Sachs-Wolfe Effect
Charged-scalar vacuum polarization makes photon paths timelike and yields frequency-dependent Sachs-Wolfe corrections, giving a CMB mu-distortion and power-spectrum modifications whose size depends on the scalar mass and coupling.