Self-play against reference-free LLM judges drives judge pass rates to 0.94 while true accuracy stays at 0.20, a reward-hacking basin that transfers across judge families and is prevented only by requiring the judge to commit an independent answer first.
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More Convincing, Not More Correct: Self-Play Reward Hacking of Reference-Free LLM Judges
Self-play against reference-free LLM judges drives judge pass rates to 0.94 while true accuracy stays at 0.20, a reward-hacking basin that transfers across judge families and is prevented only by requiring the judge to commit an independent answer first.