A new family of polytropic bulk-viscous fluids reduces to Israel-Stewart near equilibrium and stays causal, symmetric hyperbolic, and thermodynamically consistent for arbitrarily large viscous stresses.
Bulk viscosity transport coefficients in neutron star mergers
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We compute first and second-order bulk-viscous transport properties due to weak-interaction processes in $npe$ matter in the neutrino transparent regime. The transport coefficients characterize the out-of-beta-equilibrium pressure corrections, which depend on the weak-interaction rates and the equation of state. We calculate these coefficients for realistic equations of state and show they are sensitive to changes in the nuclear symmetry energy $J$ and its slope $L$.
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Extending Israel-Stewart theory: Causal bulk viscosity at large gradients
A new family of polytropic bulk-viscous fluids reduces to Israel-Stewart near equilibrium and stays causal, symmetric hyperbolic, and thermodynamically consistent for arbitrarily large viscous stresses.