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Averaging in Cosmology

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abstract

In this paper we discuss the effect of local inhomogeneities on the global expansion of nearly FLRW universes, in a perturbative setting. We derive a generic linearized averaging operation for metric perturbations from basic assumptions, and we explicify the issue of gauge invariance. We derive a gauge invariant expression for the back-reaction of density inhomogeneities on the global expansion of perturbed FLRW spacetimes, in terms of observable quantities, and we calculate the effect quantitatively. Since we do not adopt a comoving gauge, our result incorporates the back-reaction on the metric due to scalar velocity and vorticity perturbations. The results are compared with the results by other authors in this field.

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gr-qc 1

years

2025 1

verdicts

CONDITIONAL 1

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Scalar-tensor theories at different scales: averaging the scalar sector

gr-qc · 2025-05-06 · conditional · novelty 6.0

Averaging matter before solving the Klein-Gordon equation mis-estimates the coarse-grained scalar-field energy density and pressure, by factors up to about 10^5 for a Yukawa model and with mean-field deviations exceeding 10^5 for screened chameleons.

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  • Scalar-tensor theories at different scales: averaging the scalar sector gr-qc · 2025-05-06 · conditional · none · ref 23 · internal anchor

    Averaging matter before solving the Klein-Gordon equation mis-estimates the coarse-grained scalar-field energy density and pressure, by factors up to about 10^5 for a Yukawa model and with mean-field deviations exceeding 10^5 for screened chameleons.