A new family of polytropic bulk-viscous fluids reduces to Israel-Stewart near equilibrium and stays causal, symmetric hyperbolic, and thermodynamically consistent for arbitrarily large viscous stresses.
Nonlinear bulk viscosity and inflation
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abstract
We develop a nonlinear generalisation of the causal linear thermodynamics of bulk viscosity, incorporating positivity of the entropy production rate and the effective specific entropy. The theory is applied to viscous fluid inflation (which is necessarily far from equilibrium), and we find thermodynamically consistent inflationary solutions, both exponential and power-law.
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Extending Israel-Stewart theory: Causal bulk viscosity at large gradients
A new family of polytropic bulk-viscous fluids reduces to Israel-Stewart near equilibrium and stays causal, symmetric hyperbolic, and thermodynamically consistent for arbitrarily large viscous stresses.