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Spin Path Integrals and Generations

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abstract

The spin of a free electron is stable but its position is not. Recent quantum information research by G. Svetlichny, J. Tolar, and G. Chadzitaskos have shown that the Feynman \emph{position} path integral can be mathematically defined as a product of incompatible states; that is, as a product of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs). Since the more common use of MUBs is in finite dimensional Hilbert spaces, this raises the question "what happens when \emph{spin} path integrals are computed over products of MUBs?" Such an assumption makes spin no longer stable. We show that the usual spin-1/2 is obtained in the long-time limit in three orthogonal solutions that we associate with the three elementary particle generations. We give applications to the masses of the elementary leptons.

fields

hep-ph 1

years

2026 1

verdicts

CONDITIONAL 1

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  • A minimization theorem for the Koide ratio and its Standard Model calibration hep-ph · 2026-05-10 · conditional · none · ref 14 · 2 links · internal anchor

    A theorem establishes that the one-particle extension of any Koide-ratio mass set reaches a unique minimum Qmin = Q0/(1+Q0) at m* = [(sum mi)/(sum sqrt(mi))]^2, with the lepton-plus-charm case landing 6 ppm above the ideal 2/5 limit.