Introduces the Payment Heterogeneity Index (PHI) as an unsupervised composite statistic integrating GMM parameters and non-parametric measures to characterize distinct payment regimes in procurement data.
Detecting Fraud in Public Procurement: A
1 Pith paper cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.
1
Pith paper citing it
fields
econ.EM 1years
2026 1verdicts
UNVERDICTED 1representative citing papers
citing papers explorer
-
The Payment Heterogeneity Index: An Integrated Unsupervised Framework for High-Volume Procurement Oversight and Decision Support
Introduces the Payment Heterogeneity Index (PHI) as an unsupervised composite statistic integrating GMM parameters and non-parametric measures to characterize distinct payment regimes in procurement data.