This review traces the history of dynamical dark energy, presents the no-go theorem against single-field crossing of w = -1, and surveys viable Quintom constructions including multi-field models and modified gravity in light of DESI DR2 hints.
Decay of cosmological constant as Bose condensate evaporation
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abstract
We consider the process of decay of symmetric vacuum state as evaporation of a Bose condensate of physical Higgs particles, defined over asymmetric vacuum state. Energy density of their selfinteraction is identified with cosmological constant $\Lambda$ in the Einstein equation. $\Lambda$ decay then provides dynamical realization of spontaneous symmetry breaking. The effective mechanism is found for damping of coherent oscillations of a scalar field, leading to slow evaporation regime as the effective mechanism for $\Lambda$ decay responsible for inflation without special fine-tuning of the microphysical parameters. This mechanism is able to incorporate reheating, generation of proper primordial fluctuations, and nonzero cosmological constant today.
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The Quintom theory of dark energy after DESI DR2
This review traces the history of dynamical dark energy, presents the no-go theorem against single-field crossing of w = -1, and surveys viable Quintom constructions including multi-field models and modified gravity in light of DESI DR2 hints.