Monte Carlo data on a T2 x R2 geometry show that the SU(2) vacuum at small torus sizes is described by a gas of vortex-like fractional instantons, with string tension proportional to their density and a saturated nearest-neighbor separation at larger sizes.
Luscher,Some Analytic Results Concerning the Mass Spectrum of Yang-Mills Gauge Theories on a Torus, Nucl
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Fractional instantons and Confinement: first results on a $T_2\times R^2$ roadmap
Monte Carlo data on a T2 x R2 geometry show that the SU(2) vacuum at small torus sizes is described by a gas of vortex-like fractional instantons, with string tension proportional to their density and a saturated nearest-neighbor separation at larger sizes.