The paper re-derives the meVSL model's Friedmann equations using the 3+1 formalism and identifies the lapse function with the varying speed of light, but only after silently replacing the speed of light c with tilde c, so the claimed consistency with the earlier equations fails.
Using quasars as standard clocks for measuring cosmological redshift
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abstract
We report hitherto unnoticed patterns in quasar light curves. We characterize segments of quasars' light curves with the slopes of the straight lines fit through them. These slopes appear to be directly related to the quasars' redshifts. Alternatively, using only global shifts in time and flux, we are able to find significant overlaps between the light curves of different pairs of quasars by fitting the ratio of their redshifts. We are then able to reliably determine the redshift of one quasar from another. This implies that one can use quasars as standard clocks, as we explicitly demonstrate by constructing two independent methods of finding the redshift of a quasar from its light curve.
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3+1 formalism of the minimally extended varying speed of light model
The paper re-derives the meVSL model's Friedmann equations using the 3+1 formalism and identifies the lapse function with the varying speed of light, but only after silently replacing the speed of light c with tilde c, so the claimed consistency with the earlier equations fails.