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SwitchHead: Accelerating Transformers with Mixture-of-Experts Attention, September 2024

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abstract

Despite many recent works on Mixture of Experts (MoEs) for resource-efficient Transformer language models, existing methods mostly focus on MoEs for feedforward layers. Previous attempts at extending MoE to the self-attention layer fail to match the performance of the parameter-matched baseline. Our novel SwitchHead is an effective MoE method for the attention layer that successfully reduces both the compute and memory requirements, achieving wall-clock speedup, while matching the language modeling performance of the baseline Transformer. Our novel MoE mechanism allows SwitchHead to compute up to 8 times fewer attention matrices than the standard Transformer. SwitchHead can also be combined with MoE feedforward layers, resulting in fully-MoE "SwitchAll" Transformers. For our 262M parameter model trained on C4, SwitchHead matches the perplexity of standard models with only 44% compute and 27% memory usage. Zero-shot experiments on downstream tasks confirm the performance of SwitchHead, e.g., achieving more than 3.5% absolute improvements on BliMP compared to the baseline with an equal compute resource.

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cs.LG 2

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2026 2

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representative citing papers

Sparse Layers are Critical to Scaling Looped Language Models

cs.LG · 2026-05-09 · unverdicted · novelty 5.0 · 2 refs

Looped-MoE models scale better than dense looped or standard transformers because routing changes across loops, and they enable stronger compute-quality trade-offs via early exits at loop boundaries.

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