A saddle point in the coupled SYK model yields a bulk geometry with a baby universe whose chord-diagram Hilbert space state is entangled with the exterior, giving evidence that closed universes can carry nontrivial quantum information.
Observers seeing gravitational Hilbert spaces: abstract sources for an abstract path integral
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Generalized Euclidean wormhole constructions in 3D gravity produce holographic duals to approximately homogeneous closed baby-universe cosmologies and identify a necessary condition for the cosmological saddle to dominate the path integral.
The Euclidean path integral on elliptic de Sitter defines a no-boundary density matrix whose entropies reduce to vertex operator correlators on non-orientable surfaces, with a one-dimensional global Hilbert space but nontrivial observer Fock spaces.
Real observers remove the de Sitter imaginary phase only if their fluctuations share the conformal factor's negative modes; metric-independent sectors factorize and preserve the phase.
citing papers explorer
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Baby Universe in a Coupled SYK Model
A saddle point in the coupled SYK model yields a bulk geometry with a baby universe whose chord-diagram Hilbert space state is entangled with the exterior, giving evidence that closed universes can carry nontrivial quantum information.
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Menagerie of Euclidean constructions for 3D holographic cosmologies
Generalized Euclidean wormhole constructions in 3D gravity produce holographic duals to approximately homogeneous closed baby-universe cosmologies and identify a necessary condition for the cosmological saddle to dominate the path integral.
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No boundary density matrix in elliptic de Sitter dS/$\mathbb{Z}_2$
The Euclidean path integral on elliptic de Sitter defines a no-boundary density matrix whose entropies reduce to vertex operator correlators on non-orientable surfaces, with a one-dimensional global Hilbert space but nontrivial observer Fock spaces.
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When do real observers resolve de Sitter's imaginary problem?
Real observers remove the de Sitter imaginary phase only if their fluctuations share the conformal factor's negative modes; metric-independent sectors factorize and preserve the phase.