In the unscreened-field case, Schwinger pair creation supplies charges far exceeding the Goldreich-Julian rate and removes ~90% of rotational energy within 30 ms for B_p=10^14 G and P_0=1 ms, suppressing gravitational-wave losses and linking millisecond magnetars to the observed population.
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Energy Loss of Newborn Magnetars by Schwinger Process
In the unscreened-field case, Schwinger pair creation supplies charges far exceeding the Goldreich-Julian rate and removes ~90% of rotational energy within 30 ms for B_p=10^14 G and P_0=1 ms, suppressing gravitational-wave losses and linking millisecond magnetars to the observed population.