Electrons in dielectrics are described as solitons whose short-range interactions arise from polarization charge screening of neutral cores, permitting fermion or boson quantization plus topological magnetic excitations.
Quantum mechanics of superconducting nanowires
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abstract
In a short superconducting nanowire connected to bulk superconducting leads, quantum phase slips behave as a system of linearly (as opposed to logarithmically) interacting charges. This system maps onto quantum mechanics of a particle in a periodic potential. We show that, while the state with a high density of phase slips is not a true insulator (a consequence of Josephson tunneling between the leads), for a range of parameters it behaves as such down to unobservably small temperatures. We also show that quantum phase slips give rise to multiple branches (bands) in the energy-current relation and to an interband ("exciton") mode.
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Hidden order in dielectrics: string condensation, solitons, and the charge-vortex duality
Electrons in dielectrics are described as solitons whose short-range interactions arise from polarization charge screening of neutral cores, permitting fermion or boson quantization plus topological magnetic excitations.