A hand-constructed O(ln L + T)-layer Transformer is shown to approximate low-rank hidden Markov models in-context, with lower layers extracting local history features and upper layers performing regression-based decoding.
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Transformers as Multi-task Learners: Decoupling Features in Hidden Markov Models
A hand-constructed O(ln L + T)-layer Transformer is shown to approximate low-rank hidden Markov models in-context, with lower layers extracting local history features and upper layers performing regression-based decoding.