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On Sufficient Richness for Linear Time-Invariant Systems

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Persistent excitation (PE) is a necessary and sufficient condition for uniform exponential parameter convergence in several adaptive, identification, and learning schemes. In this article, we consider, in the context of multi-input linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, the problem of guaranteeing PE of commonly-used regressors by applying a sufficiently rich (SR) input signal. Exploiting the analogies between time shifts and time derivatives, we state simple necessary and sufficient PE conditions for the discrete- and continuous-time frameworks. Moreover, we characterize the shape of the set of SR input signals for both single-input and multi-input systems. Finally, we show with a numerical example that the derived conditions are tight and cannot be improved without including additional knowledge of the considered LTI system.

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DATA-DRIVEN PRONTO: a Model-free Solution for Numerical Optimal Control

eess.SY · 2025-06-18 · conditional · novelty 6.0

DATA-DRIVEN PRONTO iteratively estimates local linearized dynamics from perturbed closed-loop experiments, solves an LQR subproblem with those estimates, and provably converges to a neighborhood of the optimal solution whose size shrinks with the exploration dither amplitude.

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  • DATA-DRIVEN PRONTO: a Model-free Solution for Numerical Optimal Control eess.SY · 2025-06-18 · conditional · none · ref 37 · internal anchor

    DATA-DRIVEN PRONTO iteratively estimates local linearized dynamics from perturbed closed-loop experiments, solves an LQR subproblem with those estimates, and provably converges to a neighborhood of the optimal solution whose size shrinks with the exploration dither amplitude.