Planetary formation tracks on the HR diagram show three branches: ascending during solid accretion with L proportional to T to the 8th for in-situ planetesimals, near-horizontal during gas accretion, and descending during post-accretion cooling.
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Disk formation simulations reproduce carbonaceous chondrule oxygen isotopes with moderate radial infall or ice-depleted parental clouds, but ordinary chondrules inside the snow line remain difficult to explain under the modeled conditions.
The Bern Model has incorporated MHD disk evolution, pebble accretion, and improved interiors, yielding quantitative matches to exoplanet mass functions, radius distributions, and system architectures.
citing papers explorer
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Planetary formation tracks on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram: Visualising the processes of giant planet growth
Planetary formation tracks on the HR diagram show three branches: ascending during solid accretion with L proportional to T to the 8th for in-situ planetesimals, near-horizontal during gas accretion, and descending during post-accretion cooling.
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Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of Chondrules as Probes of Solar Protoplanetary Disk Formation
Disk formation simulations reproduce carbonaceous chondrule oxygen isotopes with moderate radial infall or ice-depleted parental clouds, but ordinary chondrules inside the snow line remain difficult to explain under the modeled conditions.
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The formation of planetary systems: physics, populations, and architectures
The Bern Model has incorporated MHD disk evolution, pebble accretion, and improved interiors, yielding quantitative matches to exoplanet mass functions, radius distributions, and system architectures.