Ball lightning is modeled as a topologically charged soliton in the 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equation whose numerical simulations show long-lived stability, low transmission, and energy scales matching observations.
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A Topological Soliton Model for Ball Lightning: Theory and Numerical Verification with the 3D Gross-Pitaevskii Equation
Ball lightning is modeled as a topologically charged soliton in the 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equation whose numerical simulations show long-lived stability, low transmission, and energy scales matching observations.