Electrons enter diffusive shock acceleration once their speed exceeds the shock speed, producing nonthermal tails that start at low momenta.
Cosmic ray acceleration at oblique shocks
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We show that the diffusion approximation breaks down for particle acceleration at oblique shocks with velocities typical of young supernova remnants. Higher order anisotropies flatten the spectral index at quasi-parallel shocks and steepen the spectral index at quasi-perpendicular shocks. We compare the theory with observed spectral indices.
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Speed-dependent Threshold for Electron Injection into Diffusive Shock Acceleration
Electrons enter diffusive shock acceleration once their speed exceeds the shock speed, producing nonthermal tails that start at low momenta.