Global electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations show that an internal transport barrier forms only when the minimum safety factor sits at a low-order rational value, q=2, and that electron-driven zonal currents help lock in this condition.
Since the first discovery in JET [ 2], a safety factor profile with a reversed shear region has been used to generate Internal Transport Bar riers (ITB) in several devices
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Global electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations of internal transport barriers in reversed-shear tokamaks
Global electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations show that an internal transport barrier forms only when the minimum safety factor sits at a low-order rational value, q=2, and that electron-driven zonal currents help lock in this condition.