Retardation and multipole corrections to blackbody radiation shifts in Rydberg states become dominant above a characteristic temperature of order α mc² / (3 k_B n²), with quadrupole and diamagnetic shifts of similar magnitude.
For example, the quadrupole frequency shift of the 50 s state is 1.2 Hz at 300 K but only 5.2 mHz at 77 K
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Multipole blackbody radiation shift in Rydberg atoms
Retardation and multipole corrections to blackbody radiation shifts in Rydberg states become dominant above a characteristic temperature of order α mc² / (3 k_B n²), with quadrupole and diamagnetic shifts of similar magnitude.