Frontier multimodal LLMs achieve ~85% accuracy and ~90% weighted F1 on digitizing complex handwritten medical forms, with Gemini 3.1 strongest overall and prompt optimization lifting macro metrics over 60%.
GPT-4.1, 2025.https://openai.com/index/gpt-4-1/
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From Handwriting to Structured Data: Benchmarking AI Digitisation of Handwritten Forms
Frontier multimodal LLMs achieve ~85% accuracy and ~90% weighted F1 on digitizing complex handwritten medical forms, with Gemini 3.1 strongest overall and prompt optimization lifting macro metrics over 60%.