Exact BPS spectra for tr(Ψ^p) matrix models at p=5,7 and small N factor as p^k x^{q_min} (1+x)^N times palindromic polynomial, with mod-p index floors bounding large-N growth between log(2 cos(π/2p)) and log 2.
Secondary invariants and non-perturbative states
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abstract
At finite $N$ the ring of gauge invariant operators is not freely generated. For problems of interest in physics, these rings are Cohen--Macaulay and admit a Hironaka decomposition, in which the full invariant ring is a free module over a polynomial ring generated by the primary invariants. The module basis is given by finitely many secondary invariants. This motivates a physical picture in which the primary invariants are regarded as perturbative degrees of freedom while the secondary invariants are associated with distinguished non-perturbative states or sectors. The purpose of this study is to show that a concrete algebraic version of this picture is visible in simple zero-dimensional matrix integrals.
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BPS spectra of $\operatorname{tr}[\Psi^p]$ matrix models for odd $p$
Exact BPS spectra for tr(Ψ^p) matrix models at p=5,7 and small N factor as p^k x^{q_min} (1+x)^N times palindromic polynomial, with mod-p index floors bounding large-N growth between log(2 cos(π/2p)) and log 2.
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