In the nucleon resonance region, R=sigma_L/sigma_T is on average about 25% larger for carbon-bound nucleons than for deuterium, indicating distinct nuclear modifications for F1, F2, and FL.
Contribution of Nuclear Excitation Electromagnetic Form Factors in ${\rm ^{12}C}$ and ${\rm ^{16}O}$ to the Coulomb Sum Rule
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abstract
We report on empirical parameterizations of longitudinal and transverse nuclear excitation electromagnetic form factors in ${\rm ^{12}C}$ and ${\rm ^{16}O}$. We extract the contribution of nuclear excitations to the Normalized Inelastic Coulomb Sum Rule (\csr) as a function of momentum transfer $\bf q$ and find that it is significant (0.29$\pm$0.030 at $\bf q$= 0.22 GeV). The total contributions of nuclear excitations to $S_L({\bf q})$ in ${\rm ^{12}C}$ and ${\rm ^{16}O}$ are found to be equal within the uncertainties. Since the cross sections for nuclear excitations are significant, the radiative tails from nuclear excitations should be included in precise calculations of radiative corrections to quasielastic electron scattering at low $\bf q$ and deep-inelastic electron scattering at large energy transfers $\nu$. The parameterizations also serve as a benchmark in testing theoretical modeling of cross sections for excitation of nuclear states in electron and neutrino interactions on nuclear targets at low energies.
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Investigation of Medium Modifications to $^{12}$C Structure Functions in the Resonance Region
In the nucleon resonance region, R=sigma_L/sigma_T is on average about 25% larger for carbon-bound nucleons than for deuterium, indicating distinct nuclear modifications for F1, F2, and FL.