Abundance-boosted axion dark matter generically produces warm nonzero-momentum modes, so Lyman-alpha free-streaming and isocurvature bounds exclude fa below about 10^14-10^15 GeV (10^-18 eV/ma) for most ultralight axion masses.
Scalars Gliding Through an Expanding Universe
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abstract
In this article we investigate the effects of single derivative mixing in massive bosonic fields. In the regime of large mixing, we show that this leads to striking changes of the field dynamics, delaying the onset of classical oscillations and decreasing, or even eliminating, the friction due to Hubble expansion. We highlight this phenomenon with a few examples. In the first example, we show how an axion like particle can have its number abundance parametrically enhanced. In the second example, we demonstrate that the QCD axion can have its number abundance enhanced allowing for misalignment driven axion dark matter all the way down to $f_a$ of order astrophysical bounds. In the third example, we show that the delayed oscillation of the scalar field can also sustain a period of inflation. In the last example, we present a situation where an oscillating scalar field is completely frictionless and does not dilute away in time.
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Universal lower bound on the axion decay constant from free streaming effects
Abundance-boosted axion dark matter generically produces warm nonzero-momentum modes, so Lyman-alpha free-streaming and isocurvature bounds exclude fa below about 10^14-10^15 GeV (10^-18 eV/ma) for most ultralight axion masses.