Exotic theta terms in 2+1d fractonic φ-theory induce generalized Witten effects, with vortex operators gaining momentum subsystem charge (quadrupolar for the foliated case).
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The ultra-local modified Villain action for lattice Maxwell theory with theta term has exact SL(2,Z) duality, with Wilson and 't Hooft loops transforming up to a phase from self-linking.
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Exotic theta terms in 2+1d fractonic field theory
Exotic theta terms in 2+1d fractonic φ-theory induce generalized Witten effects, with vortex operators gaining momentum subsystem charge (quadrupolar for the foliated case).
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Exact SL(2,Z)-Structure of Lattice Maxwell Theory with $\theta$-term in Modified Villain Formulation
The ultra-local modified Villain action for lattice Maxwell theory with theta term has exact SL(2,Z) duality, with Wilson and 't Hooft loops transforming up to a phase from self-linking.