Gauge invariance forces two separately conserved response channels in disordered superconductors with supercurrent, and the Higgs channel contributes a negative superfluid weight, yielding a -1/ω feature in the anisotropic conductivity.
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The Higgs-Amplitude mode in the optical conductivity in the presence of a supercurrent: Gauge-invariant formulation with disorder
Gauge invariance forces two separately conserved response channels in disordered superconductors with supercurrent, and the Higgs channel contributes a negative superfluid weight, yielding a -1/ω feature in the anisotropic conductivity.